CRIS Project Title:  
Genetic Resources, Evaluation, and Information Management of Woody Landscape Plant Germplasm

INTRODUCTION:   
This project addresses ARS National Program 301, “Plant, Microbial, and Insect Genetic Resources, Genomics and Genetic Improvement”, Component I, “Genetic Resources Management”.  The overall objectives of this project statement on woody landscape plant germplasm repository (WLPGR) are to conserve a broad spectrum of woody landscape plant genetic resources and associated information for use in research and crop improvement.   Specific goals for research component are: 1)  to improve seed germination in short period of time by investigating the effect seed maturity, warm and cold stratification treatment of Styrax, Nandina, and Corylopsis; 2) to investigate the metabolism in association with overwinter loss of young propagules of Styrax and with heat stress in Abies and Pinus; 3) to select and evaluate germplasm, such as Halesia, and Deutzia for horticultural merits; 4) to characterize, identify, and study genetic diversity of Pinus koraiensis, Ilex x wandoensis, Halesia tetraptera and other woody ornamental plants using molecular markers; 5) genetic purity of ex situ preserved germplasm such as Pinus and Corylopsis, and 6)identification and development of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers for cold-hardiness in Camellia and in Ardisia seedlings progenies.

PROGRESS:  
Research utilizing molecular markers, scanning electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the last five years included: 1) In vitro propagation from leaf blade explants, forcing, and molecular characterization, and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation Campanula; 2) identification and classification of the Genus Lycoris, of interspecific hybrids of Clethra, genetic relationships of Ardisia, paternity test of Ornithogalum hybrids and Pinus sylvestris  var. sylvestriformis; 3) maturity and temperature stratification on the germination of Styrax japonicus seeds; 4) inflorescence development in an Ornithogalum dubium hybrid and of Lachenalia as influenced by bulb temperature treatment; 5) development of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers for the origin of Ardisia crenata seedlings.

PLANS:  
Future plans for research projects include:
(1) seed germination of Corylopsis and Nandina as studied utilizing MRI, and as influenced by plant growth regulators and warm/cold stratification, and maturity of seeds; (2) vegetative propagation and overwinter loss of Styrax as influenced by stem length and the time of propagation; (3) evaluation of Halesia (floral characteristics), Deutzia (floral characteristics), and Abies and Pinus (heat tolerant characteristics)germplasm; (4) characterization of Abies, Camellia, Corylopsis, Halesia, Prunus yedoensis, and Ilex, using molecular markers generated by ISSR, RAPD, RFLP, and SSR microsatellite techniques; (5) ex situ conservation and genetic purity study with Abies and Pinus affected by hybridization; and, (6) development of cold hardy molecular markers in Camellia.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS (since 1997):

Peer Reviewed Journal Papers

1.  Kamo, K., Hammond, J., and Roh, M.  Transformation of Gladiolus for disease resistance.  J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci.  38:188-193. 1997.

2.  Roh, M., and  Song, C. Y.  Effect of temperature and photoperiod on growth and flowering of potted dwarf clematis.  J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38:429-434.  1997.

3.  Song, C. Y., and Roh, M.  Effect of growth stage, temperature, photoperiod and media for cutting on the rooting of potted dwarf clematis.  J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 38:435-440.  1997.

4.  Song, J.S., Ryu, B.R., Roh, M. S.,  Huh, H. Y.,  Kim, W. S.,  Bang, C. S., and B. H. Kim, B. H.  Flowering response of Campanula medium 'White', 'Pink', and 'Purple' as influenced by sowing dates and the vase life of cut flowers by harvest time.  J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 39:189-192.  1998.

5.  Koshioka, M., Roh, M., Nakayama, M.,  Hisamatsu, T., and Mander, L. N.   Identification of endogenous gibberellins in inflorescence of Ornithogalum thyrsoides. J. Jap. Soc. Hort. Sci. 68(6):1158-1160. 1999. 

6.  Nakayama, M., Roh, M., Uchida, K., Yamaguchi, Y., Takano, K., and Koshioka, M.  Malvidin 3-rutinoside as the pigment responsible for bract color in Curcuma alismatifolia.  Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.  64(5):1093-1095.  2000

7.  Kubota, S., Yamamoto, T. Hisamatsu, T., Esaki, S., Oi, R., Roh, M. S., and Koshioka, M.  Effects of red- and far-red rich spectral treatments and diurnal temperature alternation on the growth and development of Petunia.  J. Jap. Soc. Hort. Sci. 69(4):403-409.  2000.
                
8.  Joung, Y. H., Roh, M. S., Kim, T. I., and Song, J. S.  Forcing and molecular characterization of Campanula.  Acta Hort. 546:421-425.  2001.

9.  Joung, Y. H., Roh, M. S., and Bentz, S. E.  Characterization of Acer griseum and its putative interspecific hybrids.  Acta Hort. 546:217-220.  2001.

10.  Lee, J. S., and Roh, M.S.  Influence of frozen storage duration and forcing temperature on flowering of Oriental hybrid lilies.  HortScience 36:1053-1056.  2001

11.  Joung, Y. H., Roh, M. S., Kamo, K., and  Song, J. S. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Campanula glomerata.  Plant Cell Rep.  20:289-295. 2001.

12.  Song, J. S., Roh, M. S., and Suh, J. K.    New floral crops of the world and the prospect of Korean wild flowers.  Kor. J. Hort. Sci. & Tech. 19:253-251. 2002.
 
13.  Joung, Y. H., Liao, M. S.,Roh, M. S., Kamo, K., and Song, J. S.  In vitro propagation of Campanula glomerata, ‘Acaulis’ from leaf blade explants.  Scientia Hort.  92:147-146. 2002. 

14.  Reed, S. M., Joung, Y., and Roh, M.   Interspecific hybridization in Clethra.    HortScience 37:393-397. 2002.

15.  Roh, M. S., Kurita, K., Zhao, X. Y., and Suh, J. K.    Identification and classification of the Genus Lycoris using molecular markers.  J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 43:120-132. 2002.

16.  Lee, A-K, Suh, J-K., Roh, M. S., and Slovin, J. P.  Analysis of genetic relationships of Ardisia spp. using RAPD markers. J. Hort. Sci. & Biotech.  78 (1): 24-28. 2003.

17.  Roh, M. S. and Ikeda, H..  Genetic diversity of Dendranthema pacificum (Nakai) Kitam native to Japan.  Acta Hort.  630: 239-244.  2003.

18.  Joung, Y. H. and Roh, M. S.  Paternity determination of Ornithogalum seedlings using DNA markers.  J. Hort. Sci. & Biotech.  79 (2): 316-321. 2004.

19.  Roh, M. S. and Joung, Y. H.  Inflorescence development in an Ornithogalum dubium hybrid as influenced by bulb temperature treatment.  J. Hort. Sci. & Biotech.  79 (4): 576-581. 2004.

20.  Roh, M. S., Bentz, J-A., Wang, P., Li, E., and Koshioka, M.  Maturity and temperature stratification affect the germination of Styrax japonicus seeds.    J. Hort. Sci. & Biotech.  79 (4): 645-651. 2004.

21.  Song, C.Y., Lee, N. S., and Roh, M. S.  2004.  Morphological characters and molecular markers for selection of  Campanula portenschlagiana..  J. of Kor. Soc. For Hort. Sci.  45:261-269.

22.  Roh, M. S.  2004. Flowering and inflorescence development of Lachenalia aloides 'Pearsonii' as influenced by bulb storage and forcing temperature.  Scientia Hort. 104:305-323.

23.  Roh, M. S., Lee, A-K, and Suh, J-K.  2005.  Production of high quality Ardisia plantsby vegetative propagation.  Scientia Hort.  104:292-303. 

24.  Meerow, A. W., Roh, M. S., Schnell, R. J.  2005.  Sixteen microsatellite loci from Halesia tetraptera (Styracaceae).  Molecular Biology Notes.  5:777-779.

25.  Joung, Y. H., and Roh, M. S.  2005.  Mapping characterization of Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis based on chloroplast DNA microsatellite markers.  Forest Genetics 12:89-98.

26.  Roh, M.S., Lawson, R., Lee, J.S., Suh, J.K., Criley, R.A., Apavatjrut, P.  2006.  Evaluation of Curcuma as potted plants and cut flowers.  J. Hort. Sci. & Biotech.  81(1):63-71.

Non-Peer Reviewed Journal Papers and Book Chapters

1.  Lawson, R. H., and Roh, M. S..  New crops in the U. S. A.  Acta Hort. 397:31-42.  1995.

2.  Roh, M. S., Lawson, R. H., Song, C-Y, and Louw, E.  Forcing Lachenalia as potted plant.  Acta Hort. 397:147-153.  1995. 

3.  Roh, M. S.  Lisianthus. Ch. 21.  Tips on growing specialty potted crops.  p.  102-106.  Eds. Gaston. M.L., S. A. Carver, C.A. Irwin, and A. Larson.  Ohio Florists' Associations (Book Chapter).  1997.  Also reprinted in Ohio Florists' Association Bulletin.  No. 838:3-6.

4.  Roh, M.S., Grassotti, A., and Guglieri, L.  Storage and forcing temperatures affect inflorescence initiation, flowering, and floral blast of Lachenalia aloides 'Pearsonii'.  Acta Hort. 454:213-221.  1998.

5.  Roh, M. S., and Lawson, R. H.  Requirements for new floral crops - Perspective for the United States of America.  Acta Hort. 454:29-36.  1998.

6.  Roh, M.S.  Physiology and management of Lilium bulbs.  Acta Hort. 482:39-46.  1999.

7.  Kamo, K., Roh, M., Blowers, A., Smith, F., and Van Eck, J.  Transgenic Gladioli. Book chapter in Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 48.  Transgenic Crops. III. Pp. 155-176. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.  2001.

8.  Roh, M. S. and Bentz, J.-A.  Germination of Styrax japonicus seeds as influenced by storage and sowing condition.  Acta. Hort.  630: 411-416.  2003. 

9.  Johnson, G. W., and Roh, M. S.  Styrax L.  Book chapter in Woody Seed Manual.  In press.  2005.

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